Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Venom composition and pain-causing toxins of the Australian great carpenter bee Xylocopa aruana

doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-26867-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pain-causing effects of X. aruana venom components. ( a,b ) Application of XYTX 1 -Xa1a (10 μM) to DRG cells produced an immediate and sustained, non-cell-specific increase in [Ca 2+ ] i . ( c ) Potency of XYTX 1 -Xa1a and melittin in F11 cells, as monitored by changes in [Ca 2+ ] i . ( d–f ) The increase in [Ca 2+ ] i caused by XYTX 1 -Xa1a was potentiated by the presence of venom PLA 2 (1 µM), but not XYTX 2 -Xa2a (1 μM). ** P < 0.01 (unpaired t -test). ( g,h ) Shallow intraplantar injection of XYTX 1 -Xa1a (200 pmol) caused spontaneous pain behaviours in mice which was potentiated by co-injection of venom PLA 2 (20 pmol), but not XYTX 2 -Xa2a (20 pmol). XYTX 2 -Xa2a (20 pmol) alone does not cause spontaneous pain behaviours while venom PLA 2 does (20 pmol). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM ( n = 3–6). ( i ) Co-injection of XYTX 1 -Xa1a (200 pmol) plus venom PLA 2 (20 pmol) caused paw swelling. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM ( n = 3–6). * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; **** P < 0.0001 (one way-ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons).

Article Snippet: F11 (mouse neuroblastoma \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\times $$\end{document} × DRG neuron hybrid; European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures) were cultured as previously described .

Techniques: Produced, Injection

Journal: PLoS Genetics

Article Title: A Jacob/Nsmf Gene Knockout Results in Hippocampal Dysplasia and Impaired BDNF Signaling in Dendritogenesis

doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005907

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A, B) Testicular morphology in adult wt (A, +/+) and Jacob/Nsmf ko (B, -/-) mice testes stained by hematoxylin and eosin protocol. WT and ko mice showed no differences in appearance of different stages of differentiation from spermatogonia to sperm cells and comparable lumina. (C) Testicular weight of wt (+/+), heterozygous (+/-) and Jacob/Nsmf ko (-/-) mice. (D) Testosteron serum levels were determined in mice of all genotypes by ELISA. Unpaired t-test; *p<0.05. Scale bar in B is 100μm.

Article Snippet: Testosterone plasma levels were determined from serum of adult male wt and Jacob/Nsmf ko mice using the Testosteron ELISA KIT (rat/mouse) (DRG Instruments).

Techniques: Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: PLoS Genetics

Article Title: A Jacob/Nsmf Gene Knockout Results in Hippocampal Dysplasia and Impaired BDNF Signaling in Dendritogenesis

doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005907

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Transcript levels of Bdnf exon IV in CA1 and CA3 regions of hippocampus in P10 Jacob/Nsmf ko (-/-) mice exhibit a decrease compared to wt (+/+) mice. (B, C) BDNF-ELISA analysis of CA1 and CA3 tissue samples from P10 and 8–10 weeks old (B) Jacob/Nsmf ko (-/-) and wt (+/+) mice revealed significant lower levels of BDNF only in CA1 region of P10 mice. (C) The expression levels for both regions in mice at the age of 8–10 weeks are similar. (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, two-tailed unpaired t-test, values represent mean ± SEM).

Article Snippet: Testosterone plasma levels were determined from serum of adult male wt and Jacob/Nsmf ko mice using the Testosteron ELISA KIT (rat/mouse) (DRG Instruments).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Expressing, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Engineering in Life Sciences

Article Title: The cultivation conditions affect the aggregation and functionality of β‐cell lines alone and in coculture with mesenchymal stromal/stem cells

doi: 10.1002/elsc.202100168

Figure Lengend Snippet: Images of the spheroids from static culture for morphological analysis and the determination of properties such as spheroid size and circularity ( n = 12; data are means ± STDV). (A) Morphological differences can be seen during the aggregation of the different β‐cell lines within 7 days. The images of INS‐1, MIN6, and MSCs were reduced by 60%, whereas the 1.1B4 images were reduced by 73% ( * ). In both cases the scale bar represents 100 μm. (B) The growth kinetics of the spheroids reveal the differences between cell lines. The INS‐1 cells (squares) showed fast aggregation and a continuous increase in spheroid size, whereas the MIN6 cells (circles) needed 3 days to form stable spheroids before slow growth was observed. The 1.1B4 cells (triangles) aggregated slowly over 5–7 days, represented by a peak on day 2 followed by a decline in size until a stable spheroid was formed and a volume increase was observed. The hMSC‐TERTs (crosses) and ad‐MSCs (stars) showed no growth and the spheroid size declined over time. 1.1B4, a cell line formed by the electrofusion of primary human pancreatic islets and PANC‐1 cells; hMSC‐TERT, human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells immortalized with reverse transcriptase telomerase; INS‐1, rat insulinoma‐1 cell line; MIN6, mouse insulinoma‐6 cell line; MSC, mesenchymal stromal/stem cell; STDV, standard deviations

Article Snippet: The insulin in the supernatants was measured in duplicates, using the corresponding enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit: the human ultra‐sensitive insulin ELISA (EIA‐2337) for 1.1B4 cells, the rat insulin ELISA (EIA‐2049) for INS‐1 cells, and the mouse insulin ELISA (EIA‐3439) for MIN6 cells (all kits from DRG Instruments).

Techniques: Electrofusion

Journal: Engineering in Life Sciences

Article Title: The cultivation conditions affect the aggregation and functionality of β‐cell lines alone and in coculture with mesenchymal stromal/stem cells

doi: 10.1002/elsc.202100168

Figure Lengend Snippet: The viability of spheroids from static cultures determined by staining with calcein AM and ethidium after 7 days. (A) INS‐1 spheroids featured a dead core and a viable mantle, whereas MIN6 spheroids featured a heterogenous distribution of dead cells. The loose structure of the 1.1B4 spheroids promoted sufficient mass transfer resulting in a high viability. (B) Insulin secretion profiles of INS‐1 cells cultured as monolayers and spheroids cultured under static (96‐well plate) and dynamic (shaking flask) conditions ( n = 3; data are means ± STDV; significance intervals are * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001). 1.1B4, a cell line formed by the electrofusion of primary human pancreatic islets and PANC‐1 cells; INS‐1, rat insulinoma‐1 cell line; MIN6, mouse insulinoma‐6 cell line; STDV, standard deviations

Article Snippet: The insulin in the supernatants was measured in duplicates, using the corresponding enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit: the human ultra‐sensitive insulin ELISA (EIA‐2337) for 1.1B4 cells, the rat insulin ELISA (EIA‐2049) for INS‐1 cells, and the mouse insulin ELISA (EIA‐3439) for MIN6 cells (all kits from DRG Instruments).

Techniques: Staining, Cell Culture, Electrofusion

Journal: Engineering in Life Sciences

Article Title: The cultivation conditions affect the aggregation and functionality of β‐cell lines alone and in coculture with mesenchymal stromal/stem cells

doi: 10.1002/elsc.202100168

Figure Lengend Snippet: The insulin profiles of β‐cell spheroids in static culture was measured by GSIS ( n = 3; error = STDV)

Article Snippet: The insulin in the supernatants was measured in duplicates, using the corresponding enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit: the human ultra‐sensitive insulin ELISA (EIA‐2337) for 1.1B4 cells, the rat insulin ELISA (EIA‐2049) for INS‐1 cells, and the mouse insulin ELISA (EIA‐3439) for MIN6 cells (all kits from DRG Instruments).

Techniques:

Journal: Engineering in Life Sciences

Article Title: The cultivation conditions affect the aggregation and functionality of β‐cell lines alone and in coculture with mesenchymal stromal/stem cells

doi: 10.1002/elsc.202100168

Figure Lengend Snippet: Aggregation of INS‐1 (upper row), MIN6 (middle row) and 1.1B4 (lower row) cells with hMSC‐TERTs at different ratios after 24 h. MSCs were stained blue (VPD) and β‐cells were stained with the green dye CFSE. Starting with monospheroids in the first (MSCs, blue) and second (β‐cells, green) columns, the cell ratios increase from left to right. Due to different scaling of the images, the MSC spheroids seem to have a different size in each setup, but the seeding density was always 1000 cells per well. In all cases the scale bar represents 100 μm. 1.1B4, a cell line formed by the electrofusion of primary human pancreatic islets and PANC‐1 cells; CFSE, 5‐(and 6)‐carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester; hMSC‐TERT, human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells immortalized with reverse transcriptase telomerase; INS‐1, rat insulinoma‐1 cell line; MIN6, mouse insulinoma‐6 cell line; MSC, mesenchymal stromal/stem cell

Article Snippet: The insulin in the supernatants was measured in duplicates, using the corresponding enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit: the human ultra‐sensitive insulin ELISA (EIA‐2337) for 1.1B4 cells, the rat insulin ELISA (EIA‐2049) for INS‐1 cells, and the mouse insulin ELISA (EIA‐3439) for MIN6 cells (all kits from DRG Instruments).

Techniques: Staining, Electrofusion

Journal: Engineering in Life Sciences

Article Title: The cultivation conditions affect the aggregation and functionality of β‐cell lines alone and in coculture with mesenchymal stromal/stem cells

doi: 10.1002/elsc.202100168

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bright‐field and viability images (at day 7) of monospheroids (0–1 = MSC only; 1–0 = β‐cell only) and heterospheroids INS‐1 (upper row), MIN6 (middle row), and 1.1B4 (lower row) cocultured with hMSC‐TERTs at different cell ratios. The stated viabilities of the spheroids were assessed by measuring the red (core) and green (whole spheroid) diameter and the resulting volume to describe the real “3D viability,” but the displayed images only represent two dimensions of the spheroids, which could provide a deceptive impression. Scale bar = 100 μm. 1.1B4, a cell line formed by the electrofusion of primary human pancreatic islets and PANC‐1 cells; hMSC‐TERT, human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells immortalized with reverse transcriptase telomerase; INS‐1, rat insulinoma‐1 cell line; MIN6, mouse insulinoma‐6 cell line; MSC, mesenchymal stromal/stem cell

Article Snippet: The insulin in the supernatants was measured in duplicates, using the corresponding enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit: the human ultra‐sensitive insulin ELISA (EIA‐2337) for 1.1B4 cells, the rat insulin ELISA (EIA‐2049) for INS‐1 cells, and the mouse insulin ELISA (EIA‐3439) for MIN6 cells (all kits from DRG Instruments).

Techniques: Electrofusion